获奖作品基本信息

年份	2015
学科	物理与天文学 Physics and Astronomy
国家/州	United States of America

获奖作品名称

Coupled Hydrodynamic Ocean and Atmospheric Simulation of El Nio

获奖作品摘要

This project investigates the El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and determines the effects it has on: rainfall rates, sea surface temperatures (SST), and wind stress on the ocean using a simple hydrodynamic model. A stacked and coupled 2D ocean and atmospheric mesh are used to solve balanced flow (equilibrium) hydrodynamics in the Pacific Ocean region. A wind-shear stress, Ekman pumping, evaporation, and condensation models were developed to provide coupling between the ocean and atmosphere. I wrote a multi-threaded C++ code from scratch to create my simulations. The initial ocean and atmospheric pressures were set by fitting Gaussian functions to observed yearly average values (nominal case). To model El Ni??o (La Ni??a), a low (high) pressure system is placed near Tahiti. For El Ni??o (La Ni??a), my simulation results show warmer (cooler) ocean surface temperatures and more (less) rainfall accumulated along the equatorial region. My simulation results are in good agreement with the NOAA data and seven professional models. The effects of global warming on ENSO were also studied by increasing the global SST in 0.5 degree steps up to 5 °C above the normal SST. A stochastic approach was used to model random atmospheric fluctuations including feedback from the SST and reflections of the thermocline "waves" off the west Pacific coastline. My simulation results predict that global warming will increase the ENSO intensity and rainfall along the equatorial region. These results were compared to a NOAA climate model and are consistent with a recently published analysis of several professional models.

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高中生科研竞赛 英特尔 Intel ISEF 简介

英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛，简称 "ISEF"，由美国 Society for Science and the Public（科学和公共服务协会）主办，英特尔公司冠名赞助，是全球规模最大、等级最高的中学生的科研科创赛事。ISEF 的竞赛学科包括了所有数学、自然科学、工程的全部领域和部分社会科学。ISEF 素有全球青少年科学竞赛的“世界杯”之美誉，旨在鼓励学生团队协作，开拓创新，长期专一深入地研究自己感兴趣的课题。

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学科简介：物理与天文学 Physics and Astronomy

Physics is the science of matter and energy and of interactions between the two. Astronomy is the study of anything in the universe beyond the Earth.

Subcategories:

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (AMO): The study of atoms, simple molecules, electrons, light, and their interactions.  Projects studying non-solid state lasers and masers also belong in this subcategory.

Astronomy and Cosmology (AST): The study of space,  the universe as a whole, including its origins and evolution, the physical properties of objects in space and computational astronomy.

Biological Physics (BIP): The study of the physics of biological processes and systems.

Condensed Matter and Materials (MAT): The study of the properties of solids and liquids. Topics such as superconductivity, semi-conductors, complex fluids, and thin films are studied.

Mechanics (MEC): Classical physics and mechanics, including the macroscopic study of forces, vibrations and flows; on solid, liquid and gaseous materials. Projects studying aerodynamics or hydrodynamics also belong in this subcategory.

Nuclear and Particle Physics (NUC): The study of the physical properties of the atomic nucleus and of fundamental particles and the forces of their interaction. Projects developing particle detectors also belong in this subcategory.

Theoretical, Computational, and Quantum Physics (THE): The study of nature, phenomena and the laws of physics employing mathematical or computational methods rather than experimental processes.

Other (OTH): Studies that cannot be assigned to one of the above subcategories. If the project involves multiple subcategories, the principal subcategory should be chosen instead of Other.